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| c1800: about 600,000 Native Americans (Indians)
live in North America 1863: The Long Walk--U.S. Army unit led by Kit Carson forces over 8000 Navajo and Mescalero Apache from their native lands to New Mexico 1864: Sand Creek Massacre--as many as 500 peaceful Cheyenne men, women and children killed in an attack by Colorado militiamen 1865: Sioux-Cheyenne uprising--attacks by warriors around Forts Rankin, Mitchell and Laramie 1866-1868: War for the Bozeman Trail--fought between the Army and Sioux led by Red Cloud over treaty-violating attempts to give gold-seekers access to Western Montana 1867 & 1868: Treaties of Medicine Lodge Creek and Fort Laramie--U.S. pledges to protect and supply Indians who accept re-settlement to designated reservations 1868-1869: fighting continues across the Great Plains as militant Indians raid settlements and Army units destroy villages 1870: according to U.S. Census, 313,000 Indians live in North America 1871: Congress passes a law stating the U.S. will no longer negotiate with Indians as "nations" |
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